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Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health.

Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy. IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 161632 Genova, Italy. Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy. Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy. Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy. Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Az. ULSS3 Serenissima, 30174 Venezia, Italy. Dipartimento di Prevenzione, SIAN, Az. ULSS5, 45100 Rovigo, Italy. Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy. Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health-Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.

Journal of personalized medicine. 2021;(2)
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Abstract

The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Review

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